{"id":3034,"date":"2025-10-17T10:48:45","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T10:48:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/memorijalnicentarrs.com\/?post_type=history_context&p=3034"},"modified":"2026-05-13T12:34:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T12:34:31","slug":"druga-mitrovdanska-ofanziva-u-hercegovini","status":"publish","type":"history_context","link":"https:\/\/memorijalnicentarrs.com\/en\/istorijski-kontekst\/druga-mitrovdanska-ofanziva-u-hercegovini\/","title":{"rendered":"Second Mitrovdan Offensive in Herzegovina"},"content":{"rendered":"

Second Mitrovdan Offensive<\/strong> represents a major offensive operation by the so-called Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Army of RBiH) against the positions of the Army of the Republic of Srpska (VRS) in eastern Herzegovina, carried out in November 1994 as part of Operation \u201cAutumn 94\u201d. In Serbian collective memory, this operation is called Second Mitrovdan Offensive<\/em><\/strong>, because it took place during the days of celebrating the family patron saint\u2019s day (slava) of Saint Demetrius, while the battles from November 1992 are designated as First Mitrovdan Offensive<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Croat-Muslim ceasefire and preparations for new attacks on the Republic of Srpska<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The Washington Agreement was signed on March 18, 1994. It ended the war between the Muslims and Croats. The strengthening of foreign diplomatic and military assistance, together with the opportunity to turn the military initiative in their favour, gave rise \u2014 at the top of the command chain of the so-called Army of RBiH in Sarajevo \u2014 to the intention to launch intensified new attacks on VRS positions. Eastern Herzegovina was also a target.<\/p>\n

Planning: a strike with large forces from the rear<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The former two corps of the so-called Army of RBiH \u2014 the 4th from the Mostar area and the 6th from the Konjic area \u2014 were merged into a single military mechanism. After the agreement and the still fragile ceasefire with the Croats, they planned a major offensive action against the VRS defence positions, i.e., the 8th Herzegovina Motorized Brigade, which consisted of troops from the Neretva Valley and Nevesinje and was deployed on the mountain ranges above Mostar.<\/p>\n

This operation, codenamed \u201cAutumn 94\u201d, was intended to be the largest offensive against the Army of the Republic of Srpska in Herzegovina, one of the most extensive actions of the entire war, and to reverse the strategic situation on this sector of the Republic of Srpska\u2019s defence. Operation \u201cAutumn 94\u201d was conceived in accordance with the tactics employed by the so-called Army of RBiH in 1994. It consisted of inserting groups deep behind the combat lines so that their actions would facilitate a frontal breakthrough of the VRS defences. Such tactics had already been used in Operation \u201cJezero 94\u201d on the right flank of the Nevesinje Brigade, near the approaches to Konjic, in mid-September 1994, where the Muslim side achieved partial successes against the defence of the 2nd Light Infantry Brigade of the VRS from Borci.<\/p>\n

The action had been prepared throughout the summer, with reconnaissance of the terrain and Serbian positions. After the 5th Corps of Atif Dudakovi\u0107 launched operations in the western Krajina theatre around Biha\u0107 on October 24, 1994, and the start of the major offensive operation \u201cGrme\u010d 94\u201d, it appeared that conditions had matured for a large-scale offensive on the Herzegovina front as well.\nAlthough the situation on the Biha\u0107 battlefield quickly turned in favour of the VRS, and despite the nature of the VRS defence positions (fortified on dominant peaks of the mountain ranges above the Neretva Valley, with limited ability to control the spaces in between), as well as a degree of desire for self-validation and prestige within Muslim military circles, the commander of the Muslim 4th Corps, Ramiz Drekovi\u0107, proceeded with the insertion of around 1,000 Muslim soldiers behind the first VRS lines in the Podvele\u017eje area and other parts of the Mostar\u2013Nevesinje battlefield.\nAfter separate insertions of larger groups over the course of two nights, they were supposed to launch a surprise attack from the rear on VRS positions on November 11, break through the first line of defence, the rear area and brigade command posts, and create conditions for an advance towards Nevesinje and beyond.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0434\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 8. \u0445\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/strong><\/h4>\n

However, the soldiers of the 8th Herzegovina Motorized Brigade (VRS), already veterans with two and a half years of combat experience from the Herzegovina front and other theatres (where they had fought during the lull caused by the Croat-Muslim conflict in Mostar and its surroundings), and drawing on the lessons from the First Mitrovdan Offensive of 1992, detected and destroyed one infiltrated enemy group on the very first day of the insertion.\nThe infiltration of Muslim forces into the VRS rear in the Podvele\u017eje and Vranjevi\u0107i area was carried out on the evening of November 9, 1994. A VRS patrol tasked with searching communications discovered traces the next morning in the Busak area. The brigade command responded by forming a group to search the rear terrain. A group of about 20 fighters, in a very short time, discovered one of the infiltrated formations in the area of the village of Svinjarina. This formation numbered 113 soldiers, and combat contact was immediately established. They remained in position in that state until evening.\nThe command of the 8th Herzegovina Motorized Brigade, informed by previous experience and intelligence about a possible attack, increased combat readiness measures, ordered all-round defence of its units, closed certain passages, and responded by reinforcing and regrouping forces. On the second night, the planned insertion of Muslim forces continued, although some formations failed to penetrate through the VRS positions, creating gaps among the infiltrated attacking forces.<\/p>\n

\"\u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440
Dragomir Boka\u010d with his comrades at bunker number 8.\nSource: Predrag Lozo, Decisive Defense: Mitrovdan Offensives on Eastern Herzegovina 1992 and 1994, RCIRZ, Banja Luka 2021.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

On the morning of November 11, a little earlier than planned, the large-scale attacks by the infiltrated units against the VRS positions began. However, the defenders were ready.\nThe defence of the positions \u2014 from the brigade command led by Major Zoran Purkovi\u0107, through the reserves that moved out from Nevesinje, to the fighters on the front lines \u2014 from the slopes of Prenj and Ruji\u0161te, across Prijevorac, Plo\u010dno and the relay on Brasina on Vele\u017e, the villages of the Podvele\u017eje plateau (especially in Banjdol and Ravnice), then across \u010cobanov\u043e Polje and Vranjevi\u0107i, \u010comora, Kamena, all the way to the slopes of Br\u0161tanik and \u0160\u0107epan Krst \u2014 was resolute and strong.\nFierce fighting with the infiltrated enemy took place that day even in the morning hours at the brigade command post on Prijeki Grmi, and later at Bakra\u010du\u0161a, Rabina and \u017duberin, far behind the first line of defence.\nBy successfully defending Mount Vele\u017e, the villages of the Podvele\u017eje plateau, the battlefield in the Vranjevi\u0107i area and other territories towards Nevesinje itself, new suffering and misfortune for the Serbian people were prevented, and eastern Herzegovina remained a compact territory in the south of the Republic of Srpska.<\/p>\n

War crimes<\/strong>\u0438<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In this action, Muslim units committed clear war crimes: attacks on medical vehicles and the killing of wounded and captured persons, looting, mistreatment, capture and murder of Serbian civilians in the villages of \u017duberin and Rabina, mostly elderly people.<\/p>\n

Attacks on medical services and the wounded<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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\"\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430
Borika Mitri\u0107 with wartime commanders.\nSource: Predrag Lozo, Decisive Defense: Mitrovdan Offensives on Eastern Herzegovina 1992 and 1994, RCIRZ, Banja Luka 2021.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u017duberin and Rabina <\/strong><\/h4>\n

Darinka \u010cabrilo, born in 1929, was killed in the house in \u017duberin where she was staying. Her husband, who was nearby outside the house, was wounded in the leg but managed to escape.\nMilosav \u010cabrilo, born in 1940, was first shot in the legs by Muslim soldiers above the village; they then approached and fired at close range into his head. Mara \u010cabrilo, born in 1911, was also killed in the village.\nIn the village of Rabina, about a kilometre from \u017duberin, Radojka Puhalo, born in 1922, was killed around 6:00 a.m. that morning in front of her burning house.\nThat such behaviour was not an isolated incident is shown by the overall conduct of this military group and the damage inflicted on the village. On that day in \u017duberin, in addition to the village school, the family homes of Todo \u010cabrilo, Drago \u010cabrilo and Du\u0161an \u010cabrilo were burned. The stables of Drago \u010cabrilo and Darinka \u010cabrilo were also set on fire, and three cows burned inside them.\nAccording to statements collected from \u017duberin residents, the Muslims looted houses, taking gold, money and smaller valuables. They broke into houses by force, smashing doors and windows and destroying other property. They also burned several haystacks, damaged and destroyed two passenger cars and one tractor.<\/p>\n

The attackers forcibly took 22 residents of \u017duberin and held them for several hours as hostages in the house of Miladin \u010cabrilo. In that group were 4 elderly men, several girls, and the rest elderly women. Two soldiers remained constantly inside Miladin\u2019s house, while the others looted and burned throughout the village. The host was forced to slaughter a sheep and prepare it for the attackers.\nHowever, when VRS forces arrived around 14:00 and began retaking the attacked village, the infiltrated group tried to use the gathered civilians from the house \u2014 whom they led towards the school \u2014 as a human shield. The rapid development of events forced them to abandon the attempt. After setting the school on fire, they left the village with the \u201cpromise that they would return.\u201d<\/p>\n

Crimes against prisoners<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Several captured VRS soldiers from this action testified about various forms of physical and psychological mistreatment while in captivity in Mostar, Jablanica and Konjic, in which members of the command staff of Muslim units also took part.<\/p>\n

Crime against 4 Serbian prisoners in Jablanica<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A particularly brutal crime was the murder of four Serbian soldiers, originally from Mostar, in Jablanica. They were captured at the Plavac location on November 13, 1994, during the continued fighting on the northern axis of Operation \u201cAutumn 94\u201d.\nThis cruel war crime was committed against helpless, captured, previously tortured and beaten prisoners of war. The youngest, Miljan Radulovi\u0107, was not yet 20 years old, Slobodan Pudar was 24, Mirko Simi\u0107 was 35, and Risto \u010colovi\u0107 was 38.\nThe fate of the Radulovi\u0107 family is especially tragic because Miljan\u2019s father, Branko, had died in August 1994 from the consequences of wounds sustained earlier.<\/p>\n

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Human losses<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Serbian losses in this operation amounted to 24 fighters and 4 civilians, as well as 42 seriously wounded and 26 lightly wounded fighters. Ten members of the VRS were captured.<\/p>\n

The fallen Serbian soldiers were:\nMilorad Avdalovi\u0107, Drago A\u0107imovi\u0107, Vojislav Buha, Branko Vukovi\u0107, Milo\u0161 Zelenovi\u0107, Gojko Krnjeu\u0161i\u0107, Branko Kure\u0161, Dragan Miljanovi\u0107, Petar Pejanovi\u0107, Milovan Pi\u0161talo, Ratko Pudar, Slobodan Pudar, Radoslav Pu\u0161ara, Miljan Radulovi\u0107, Radivoje Radulovi\u0107, Savo Rul, Mirko Simi\u0107, Mirko \u010cabrilo, Risto \u010colovi\u0107, Ljubomir \u010colovi\u0107, Jovica \u0160akota, Petar \u0160arenac, Spaso \u0160ijak, Nenad \u0160ipovac.\nKilled civilians:\nDarinka \u010cabrilo, Milosav \u010cabrilo, Mara \u010cabrilo and Radojka Puhalo.<\/p>\n

The official narrative of the attackers (the Muslim side) regarding their losses states that 82 soldiers were killed, 94 wounded, and 10 captured in the operation. Sources from the VRS side report significantly different figures on Muslim losses.\nBased on footage from Serbian Radio Television showing liquidated Muslim soldiers (only those collected in front of the brigade command at Prijeki Grmi), as well as witness statements, it can be concluded that the attackers\u2019 losses were higher than the official Muslim data from that time. The number of bodies shown at Prijeki Grmi varies in testimonies from around 50, to 70, up to 120 or more. By that analogy, testimonies and documents close to these conclusions indicate that \u201cMuslim forces had 117 killed.\u201d\nThe vast area covered by the operation must also be taken into account \u2014 not all neutralized infiltrated soldiers could have been brought to and shown in the footage from Prijeki Grmi. The difficult weather and terrain conditions for extracting the attackers, along with the military measures taken by the VRS to eliminate the remaining broken enemy groups and individuals, examples of panic and death in inaccessible mountainous areas (as a result of which a number of Muslim soldiers are still listed as missing to this day), lead us to the conclusion that the offered data must be taken with reservation and caution.<\/p>\n

Defense of eastern Herzegovina<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In the autumn of 1994, the entire Army of the Republic of Srpska (VRS) faced major challenges from the strategic initiative of Muslim and Croat forces \u2014 from Biha\u0107, through Kupres and Majevica\u2026\nThe defence of positions in eastern Herzegovina was of great importance not only for the south of the Republic of Srpska, but also for the morale and self-confidence of VRS forces on other battlefields.<\/p>\n

\"\u041c\u0430\u0458\u043e\u0440
Major Purkovi\u0107 with his comrades.\nSource: Predrag Lozo, Decisive Defense: Mitrovdan Offensives on Eastern Herzegovina 1992 and 1994, RCIRZ, Banja Luka 2021.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Sources and Literature:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \n
      \n
    • \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433 \u041b\u043e\u0437\u043e<\/strong>, Decisive Defense: The Mitrovdan Offensives against Eastern Herzegovina in 1992 and 1994<\/em>, RCIRZ, Banja Luka 2021.<\/li>\n
    • \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433 \u041b\u043e\u0437\u043e<\/strong>, \u041a\u2019\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043d, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u045a\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, \u0417\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0443 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438 1992-1995<\/em>, \u0420\u0426\u0418\u0420\u0417, \u0411\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0430 2024.<\/li>\n
    • \u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0408\u0430\u045a\u0438\u045b<\/strong>, \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u045a\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 1992\u22121995. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435<\/em>, \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u045a\u0435\u2013\u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 2017.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","srodno":[188],"class_list":["post-3034","history_context","type-history_context","status-publish","hentry","srodno-vrs"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/memorijalnicentarrs.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/history_context\/3034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/memorijalnicentarrs.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/history_context"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/memorijalnicentarrs.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/history_context"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/memorijalnicentarrs.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"srodno","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/memorijalnicentarrs.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/srodno?post=3034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}